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This response-readiness is directly linked to a country's ability to adopt and benefit from leading technologies, increased human capacities, organisational and operational developments, and enhanced institutional performance.

The GII is intended to serve not only as a means for determining a country's relative response capacity, but also gives a clearer picture of its strengths and deficiencies in respect to innovation-related policies and practices.

The framework of the GII model rests relies on eight pillars, which underpin the factors that enhance innovative capacity and demonstrate results from successful innovation. The model uses a combination of objective data drawn from a variety of public and private sources, such as the World Bank and the International Telecommunications Union, and subjective data drawn from the World Economic Forum's annual Executive Opinion Survey. The latter helps to capture concepts for which objective (or hard) data are typically unavailable.

Before calculating the final rankings, 17 countries were dropped from the study due to inadequate or limited data availability. The index ranks and scores the final set of 107 countries. For further information on the methodology, see www.worldbusinesslive.com.

EIGHT PILLARS OF INNOVATION

Eight pillars underly the INSEAD Global Innovation Index. Five input pillars represent aspects that enhance the capacity of a nation to generate ideas and leverage them for innovative products and services. Three output pillars define the benefits of successful innovation to the citizens and organisations of the country.

INNOVATION PILLAR LEADERS
INSTITUTIONS AND POLICIES
Rank Country Score
1 Singapore 6.28
2 UK 6.25
3 Denmark 6.11
4 Switzerland 6.05
5 US 5.96

HUMAN CAPACITY
Rank Country Score
1 Singapore 6.31
2 Finland 5.83
3 US 5.70
4 Canada 5.50
5 UAE 5.46

INFRASTRUCTURE
Rank Country Score
1 Denmark 5.61
2 Iceland 5.53
3 Switzerland 5.35
4 Netherlands 5.30
5 Germany 5.26

TECHNOLOGICAL SOPHISTICATION
Rank Country Score
1 US 6.48
2 Japan 5.42
3 UK 5.12
4 Germany 5.10
5 Switzerland 5.08

BUSINESS MARKETS AND CAPITAL
Rank Country Score
1 US 6.23
2 UK 5.16
3 Germany 4.63
4 Japan 4.36
5 France 4.31

KNOWLEDGE
Rank Country Score
1 US 6.01
2 Germany 5.03
3 Japan 4.70
4 UK 4.42
5 Switzerland 4.07

COMPETITIVENESS
Rank Country Score
1 US 6.48
2 Germany 5.47
3 Japan 4.92
4 UK 4.81
5 India 4.72

WEALTH
Rank Country Score
1 US 4.65
2 Germany 3.78
3 UK 3.72
4 France 3.66
5 Italy 3.34

GEOGRAPHIC LEADERS
The americas
Rank Country Score
1 US 5.80
8 Canada 4.06
33 Chile 3.03
37 Mexico 2.88
40 Brazil 2.84

EUROPE
Rank Sountry Score
2 Germany 4.89
3 UK 4.81
5 France 4.32
6 Switzerland 4.16
9 Netherlands 3.99

ASIA/PACIFIC
Rank Country Score
4 Japan 4.48
7 Singapore 4.10
10 Hong Kong 3.97
17 Australia 3.71
19 South Korea 3.67

MIDDLE EAST
Rank Country Score
14 UAE 3.81
18 Israel 3.68
30 Kuwait 3.14
41 Tunisia 2.84
45 Turkey 2.75

AFRICA
Rank Country Score
38 South Africa 2.89
72 Nigeria 2.27
78 Kenya 2.22
79 Namibia 2.21
80 Tanzania 2.14